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NSA – The Pinochet Regime Declassified

DINA: “A Gestapo-Type Police Force” in Chile

Fifty Years after Official Creation, Declassified Documents Record Atrocities Committed by Chilean Secret Security Force, DINA

Washington, D.C., June 18, 2024 – On June 18, 1974, the official registry of the Chilean military dictatorship published Decree 521 on the “creation of the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA),” the secret police force responsible for some of the regime’s most emblematic human rights crimes. To mark the 50th anniversary of DINA’s official creation, the National Security Archive today is publishing a curated collection of declassified CIA, DIA, FBI and State Department documents, along with key Chilean records, that reflect the history of DINA’s horrific human rights atrocities and terrorist crimes.

The decree signed by General Augusto Pinochet and other members of the military junta officially established DINA for “the purpose of producing intelligence collection requirements for the formulation of policies, plans and adoption of measures required for the security and development of the country,” but the measure also included three secret articles empowering DINA to operate as a secret police force to surveil, arrest, imprison and eliminate anyone considered an opponent of the regime. The new decree gave “legal/official blessing to an organization that is already fully active,” the U.S. Defense attaché reported to Washington. Other members of the Chilean military viewed the junta’s order as “the foundation upon which a Gestapo-type police force will be built.”

DINA was created as a military organization outside the military chain of command, instead reporting directly to Pinochet as chief of the junta. As the secret articles of the decree stated, the new Directorate of National Intelligence was the “continuation of the DINA Commission” established in November 1973, only eight weeks after the September 11, 1973, military coup. By the time it was officially inaugurated, DINA was already the most feared security force in Chile—if not all Latin America. “There are three sources of power in Chile,” one Chilean intelligence officer informed a U.S. military attaché in early 1974: “Pinochet, God and DINA.”

As the principal agency of the regime’s apparatus of repression, DINA became infamous for its secret torture centers, extrajudicial executions, the forced disappearances of hundreds of civilians and acts of international terrorism (…)

Para seguir leyendo: https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/chile/2024-06-18/pinochet-regime-declassified

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Una novedad NSA: Guacamaya Leaks and the Ayotzinapa Case

Military Surveilled Ayotzinapa School for Years Before Disappearance of 43 Students. Intelligence Reports Reveal Constant Exchange of Messages During Night of Attacks in Iguala. Mexican Military Continues to Deny Investigators Complete Access to Archives

Briefing Book #823 - Edited by Kate Doyle and Claire Dorfman - Additional research by Carlos Osorio

Washington, D.C., March 10, 2023 – Years before 43 young men from the Ayotzinapa teachers’ college were attacked and forcibly disappeared in Iguala, Guerrero, the Mexican military had the school under surveillance and considered its students to be subversives, according to internal communications and documents from the Mexican armed forces published today by the National Security Archive.

The military records also reveal that Mexico’s National Defense Ministry worked to shield the institution from civilian scrutiny during the investigation into the disappearance of the 43 students; that military intelligence routinely lumped together dangerous drug traffickers and parents of the missing students in the same reports on “conflict” in Mexico; and that Mexico’s Defense Secretary oversaw a propaganda campaign to discredit the parents, their lawyers, and a group of experts assigned to assist in the case by a United Nations commission.

The 20 documents posted by the Archive today are among an estimated four million emails and records that were stolen from the Mexican Defense Ministry (Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional—Sedena) by an anonymous collective of hackers known as “Guacamaya.” Following Guacamaya’s leak of the massive data set in late September 2022, journalists in Mexico and elsewhere have used the six terabytes of information to publish a steady stream of breaking-news stories about diverse topics, including:

As part of the National Security Archive’s long-term investigative project on the Ayotzinapa case (and the podcast we co-produced with Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting), the Archive has spent months examining the data set for references to the Ayotzinapa School, the night of the attacks in Iguala, the disappearance of the students, and the investigations that followed. Today’s posting is an initial selection of documents from this data set intended to give our readers a sense of what we are learning about the Mexican military’s internal communications related to Ayotzinapa. (…)

Para seguir leyendo: https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/mexico-ayotzinapa/2023-03-10/guacamaya-leaks-and-ayotzinapa-case

 

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Archivo de Lucas Alamán/The Lucas Alaman Papers

The Lucas Alamán Papers, 1598-1853, were previously published in CD-ROM format in 2002. That edition was supported in part by a grant from the Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores of Mexico. The project was coordinated by staff of the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection working in cooperation with the Mexican Center of the Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies, the Office of the Executive Vice President and Provost of The University of Texas at Austin, and Digital Library Services Division of the University of Texas Libraries (…)
Pablo Max Ynsfran, Catálogo del archivo de don Lucas Alamán que se conserva en la Universidad de Texas, Austin en Historia Mexicana 4: 2-3 (núms. 14-15), 1954 reproduced with the permission of the editors of Historia Mexicana (El Colegio de México).

Apuntes biográficos
Introducción al catálogo
Catálogo de documentos (imágenes)
Monterrey, Conde de. Copia á la letra de las Ordenanzas de el Oficio de Bateojas sacadas a la letra de las originales que se hisieron el Año de mil quinientos noventa y ocho, siendo Virrey de este Reyno el Excmo. Sr. Conde de Monterrey, y Corregidor de esta Ciudad el Dr. Monforte. México, junio 15 de 1598.

8 fs., 21.3 × 30.7 cms.
Copia hecha por Martín Alonso de Flandes, al parecer en el siglo XVII. Las ordenanzas fueron promulgadas por pregonero en julio 17 de 1598, en México. Pub. en las Ordenanzas de gremios de la Nueva España (México, 1921), aunque no de idéntica copia a la presente.

Guadalcázar, Marqués de, Virrey de la Nueva España. [Ordena a los oficiales de la Real Hacienda paguen al capitán Alonso de Valencia treinta y siete ducados y medio por servicios con Sebastián Vizcaíno.] México, octubre 9 de 1615. F.

1 f., 21 × 30.2 cms.
Refrendata ilegible.

Felipe IV. [Real cédula que prorroga la limosna de 150 ducados para medicinas, concedida a los religiosos de la Compañía de Jesús de la Villa de Durango.] Madrid, agosto 12 de 1623. F.

2 fs., 20.8 × 30.3 cms.
Refrendada por Fernando Ruiz de Conti[]or. Toma de razón por Antonio Díaz Navarrete y Reynosa y Félix de Reina.
(…)
http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/lucasalaman/

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A Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro on line

Capture d’écran 2013-03-03 à 19.34.25Arquivo da Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiroon line
Circulando regularmente desde 1839, a Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro é uma das mais longevas publicações especializadas do mundo ocidental. Destina-se a divulgar a produção do corpo social do Instituto, bem como contribuições de historiadores, geógrafos, antropólogos, sociólogos, arquitetos, etnólogos, arqueólogos, museólogos e documentalistas de um modo geral. Possui periodicidade trimensal, sendo o último número de cada ano reservado ao registro da vida acadêmica do IHGB e demais atividades institucionais. A coleção completa da Revista encontra-se disponível para consulta on line (século: XIX – XX – XXI), no endereço:
http://www.ihgb.org.br/rihgb.php

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Chile – Oscars: Declassified Documents Tell History Behind Best Foreign Film Nomination, “No”

“No” Film
OSCARS: DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS TELL HISTORY BEHIND BEST FOREIGN FILM NOMINATION, “NO”
ONCE SECRET CIA, DEFENSE AND STATE DEPARTMENT RECORDS FILL IN GAPS IN CHILEAN FILM DEPICTING MEDIA CAMPAIGN TO OUST GENERAL AUGUSTO PINOCHET

National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 413
Posted – February 22, 2013 Edited by Peter Kornluh

http://www.nsarchive.org

Washington, D.C., February 22, 2013 — Chilean ruler General Augusto Pinochet intended to use violence to annul the October 1988 plebiscite that ended his lengthy military dictatorship, according to declassified documents posted today by the National Security Archive in order to fill in the historical gaps of the Oscar-nominated film, “NO.”

With the Oscars approaching on February 24, the Archive posting includes formerly top secret records that provide new details about the history of the “Campaign of the NO” in Chile–the dynamic political movement that eventually led to Pinochet’s loss of the presidency. The documents include highly classified warnings from the U.S. military attache that Pinochet intended to use violence to sustain himself in power if the NO won the October 5, 1988, plebiscite; a CIA report on Pinochet’s “apoplectic” reaction to the vote; as well as private records relating to the voter registration drive that was critical to the electoral victory to remove Chile’s 15-year old military regime.

Nominated for best foreign film, “NO” has received widespread acclaim from movie reviewers. Writing in the New Yorker, critic Anthony Lane noted that “the title is a downer but the movie lifts you up;” he called “NO” “the best film ever made about Chilean plebiscites.” But like “Zero Dark Thirty,” “Argo,” and “Lincoln,” which also examine historical events, “NO” has been criticized for misrepresenting and omitting key elements of the history it depicts.

As the movie indicates, Pinochet’s ouster at the polls was an inspirational event, a rare victory of good over evil, brought about by Chileans for Chileans. As a historic event, it demands to be understood. The complexity of the story is not depicted on screen. But the fact that the movie is being recognized at the Oscars, and now being seen around the world, cannot help but draw attention to the fuller story of the Campaign of the NO, which is included in this dramatic documentation now available on the National Security Archive’s website.

THE DOCUMENTS

Document 1: State Department, “Preparations Accelerating for Plebiscite” August 3, 1988

Document 2: State Department, Confidential, “The Chilean Plebiscite: Sitrep 2,” August 12, 1988 (original missing p. 5)

Document 3: Greer, Margolis, Mitchell & Associates, “Campana para la Inscripcion en Los Registros Electorales” (Campaign for Electoral Registration) ca 1987

Document 4: Defense Intelligence Agency, Top Secret Zarf Umbra, Chile: Contingency Plans,” October 4, 1988

Document 5: State Department, “The Chilean Plebiscite, Sitrep 4,” October 6, 1988

Document 6: CIA, [Informant Report on Pinochet’s auto coup plan for the plebiscite] November 18, 1988

Document 7: Defense Intelligence Agency, Secret ExDis, “Chile: Plebiscite Goes Forward as Pinochet Apparently Loses,” October 6, 1988

Document 8: Defense Intelligence Agency: Secret, “Chilean Junta Meeting, the Night of the Plebiscite,” January 1, 1989

Document 9: State Department, Confidential, “The Chilean Plebiscite, Sitrep Eight,” October 7, 1988

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Biblioteca Nacional- Argentina/Archivos y colecciones particulares

Desde el área de Archivos y Colecciones Particulares de la Biblioteca Nacional queríamos informarles que ha sido actualizada la página web institucional, habiendo sido incorporados en el catálogo del área la Guia de Fondos 2011 y las descripciones de los nuevos fondos abiertos a la consulta: Aníbal Ford, David Viñas y Darío Alessandro. Asimismo, encontrarán información sobre el archivo de Dardo Cúneo, que prontamente se encontrará también disponible.

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El Noticiero Centroamericanista

El Noticiero Centroamericanista tiene por objetivo crear un espacio ampliamente accesible para la divulgación de noticias de interés a los investigadores especializados en el estudio de la historia y cultura de los países centroamericanos. Con esta nueva bitácora se inicia la segunda época del Noticiero Centroamericanista. Durante la primera (2000-2008) se repartía en forma de boletín electrónico. Los números mensuales de esa serie se encuentran archivados en http://afehc-historia-centroamericana.org/index.php?action=noticiero_arch
Un blog de Stephen Webre.